2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar  Programs
	2001-2002 UNDERGRADUATE CALENDAR
	Carleton University

Geography

(Arts and Social Sciences/Science)

 B349 Loeb Building

Telephone: 520-2561

Fax: 520-4301

Academic Administration

Chair, J. Kenneth Torrance

Supervisor of Graduate Studies, D.R.F. Taylor

Supervisor of B.A. Studies, J. Tunbridge

Supervisor of B.Sc. Studies, J. Lundberg

Teaching Staff

Professors

Chris Burn, B.Sc. (Durham), M.A., Ph.D. (Carleton) • John Clarke, B.A. (Queen's of Belfast), M.A. (Manitoba), Ph.D. (Western Ontario) • Fiona D. Mackenzie, B.A. (London), M.A. (Carleton), Ph.D. (Ottawa) • Michael W. Smith, B.Sc. (Liverpool), M.A. (Georgia), Ph.D. (British Columbia) • D.R. Fraser Taylor, M.A. (Edinburgh), P.G.C.E. (London), Ph.D. (Edinburgh) • J. Kenneth Torrance, B.S.A. (Guelph), M.S., Ph.D. (Cornell) • John E. Tunbridge, B.A., M.A. (Cambridge), Ph.D. (Bristol) • Iain Wallace, B.A., Ph.D. (Oxford)

Associate Professors

David Bennett, B.A., Ph.D. (Liverpool) • Michael Brklacich, B.Sc. (Trent), M.A. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Waterloo) • Simon Dalby, B.A. (Trinity College), M.A. (Victoria), Ph.D. (Simon Fraser) • Michael Fox, B.A. (Sheffield), M.A. (Carleton) • Douglas J. King, B.A.Sc., M.Sc.F., Ph.D. (Toronto) • Fran Klodawsky, B.A. (Toronto) M.A. (Ohio State), Ph.D. (Queens)

Assistant Professors

Nancy Doubleday, B.Sc. (Brock), B.Ed. (Toronto), LL.B., M.E.S. (York) of the Bar of Ontario, Ph.D. (Queen's) • Joyce Lundberg, B.Sc. (Trinity College), M.Sc. (Australian National), Ph.D. (McMaster) • Gennady Ozornoy, M.A. (Leningrad State University, Alberta), Ph.D. (Leningrad Institute of Finance and Economics, Toronto)

Instructors

Christine E. Earl, B.Sc. (Western), M.A. (Carleton) • Danny Patterson, B.A., M.A. (Carleton) • Steve Prashker, B.Sc., M.Sc. (McGill)

Geoprocessing Analyst

Steve Prashker

Cartographer

Christine E. Earl

Honorary Research Professor

Jack D. Ives

Distinguished Research Professor

Peter J. Williams

Adjunct Research Professors

F. Ahern • R. Bollman • V. Jefremovas • V. Konrad • E.W. Manning • J. Marshall • V.R. Parameswaran • A. Rencz • J. Schwartz • E.M. Siekierska • A. Spector • I.C. Taylor • T.L. White

Adjunct Professors

P. Johnson, T. Wilkinson

 

General Information

The Department of Geography and Environmental Studies has programs of study leading to the following degrees in Geography: B.A. (Honours), B.Sc. (Honours), B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. There is also a B.A. (Honours) program in Geographic Information Processing (GIP) and a concentration in Geographic Information Processing (GIP) under the B.Sc.(Honours) program. The undergraduate programs in Geography provide a foundation for understanding the world from human and biophysical perspectives with a particular focus on Geography's unique role for evaluating change at local, regional, national and global scales. There is opportunity to develop expertise in one of the following geographic themes: Culture, Society and Space; The Physical Environment; Societal and Environmental Change; and Geographic Information Processing.

It is also possible to complete combined B.A. (Honours) programs between Geography and many disciplines in Arts and Social Sciences and Public Affairs and Management, including Law, Economics, History, Anthropology, Psychology, Political Science, Canadian Studies, Sociology, Journalism and Biology. There is also a Combined Honours Geography and Biology program. Even without the formality of a Combined program it is possible for those pursuing a single B.A. or Honours program in Geography to develop a subsidiary thematic or regional concentration by taking a variety of non-geography electives. Please contact the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies for information about these possibilities.

Graduation Regulations

In order to graduate, B.Sc. students must fulfill all University graduation regulations, and all Faculty regulations. B.A. students must fulfill all University graduation regulations (see p.48) and all Faculty regulations including those for First-Year Seminars and Breadth requirements. In addition, all departmental regulations as set out below must also be fulfilled.

B.A. Programs in Geography

Calculation of the Geography GPA in Geography BA Majors and Concentrations (excluding GIP)

The Geography GPA is calculated using procedures established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Section 4.3). The Geography GPA shall be calculated over all successfully completed, graded courses used to meet the minimum requirements specified for the degree program. Geography credits beyond the specified minimum will not be used in the calculation of the Geography GPA.

B.A. (Honours) Program

The B.A. (Honours) program in Geography is offered for students who wish to prepare for graduate study, a career in planning, government, business, or other specialization in which the field of geography offers the appropriate training. Information on recommended patterns of courses related to various interests is available from the department. There is substantial freedom in the program for students to take courses of special interest in the University, as well as courses in geography and related disciplines.

Formal concentrations are offered in Environmental and Resource Assessment, in Physical Geography and in Globalization, Society and Environment. Students interested in the acquisition, management, display and use of geographic information are directed to the B.A. in Geographic Information Processing (p.259).

Students registered in a B.A. (Honours) degree must satisfy the general Faculty regulations for Honours. Fourth-year Honours students may take 0.5 credit listed in the Graduate Studies and Research Calendar only if they have a GPA of 9.0 in Geography and permission of the Department.

B.A. (Honours) in Geography

Students admitted to the B.A. (Honours) Geography program are required to complete 20.0 credits beyond the OSSD or Qualifying-University year in Arts or Social Sciences. GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3a and 4.4a). At least 10.0 credits and not more than 12.0 credits must be in Geography, and must include:

1. 1.5 credits in Geography at the 100-level including:

(i) Geography 45.101 (recommended); or 45.102* and 45.103*; or a First-Year Seminar in Geography;

(ii) Geography 45.110* (may be taken in second year);

2. Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, and 1.0 credit selected from Geography 45.211*, 45.220*, and 45.230*;

3. Geography 45.300* (or other approved field course) and 45.390*

4. Either (i) Geography 45.494 or (ii) 45.499;

5. At least 4.5 additional Geography credits above the 100-level of which at least 2.0 must be at the 300-level and at least 2.0 must be at the 400- level.

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

Geography Combined B.A.(Honours) program

The maximum number of credits allowed in the two subjects specified in a Combined B.A. (Honours) program is 15.0. GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3a and 4.4a). Students taking Combined Honours in Geography and another subject are required to complete the equivalent of at least 7.0 credits and not more than 8.0 credits in Geography, which must include:

1. 1.5 credits in Geography at the 100-level including:

(i) Geography 45.101 (recommended); or 45.102* and 45.103*; or a first-year seminar in Geography;

(ii) Geography 45.110* (may be taken in second year);

2. 0.5 credit selected from 45.211*, 45.220*, and 45.230*;

3. Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, and 45.390*;

4. At least 2.5 additional Geography credits above the 100-level, 1.5 at the 300-level and 1.0 at the 400-level;

5. Either (i) Geography 45.494 or Geography 45.499 or (ii) an Honours research essay or equivalent in the other Honours department and an additional Geography credit at the 400-level. (If the other department does not offer an Honours research essay or equivalent research experience students must take either Geography 45.494 or 45.499).

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

Combined B.A. (Honours) in Biology and Geography

For Geography requirements see above; for Biology requirements see the Biology section. Students must contact both departments for advice.

B.A. (Honours) in Geography with a Concentration in Physical Geography

Requirements: GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3b and 4.4c). At least 10.0 credits and not more than 12.0 credits must be in Geography and must include:

1. Geography 45.101 (recommended); or 45.102* and 45.103*;

2. 5.5 credits in physical geography as follows:

(i) Geography 45.110*, 45.212*, 45.302*, 45.446* or 45.448* (with a placement in physical geography);

(ii) 2.0 credits from Geography 45.311*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315*, 45.318*, 45.319*;

(iii) 1.5 credits at the 400-level selected from Geography 45.404*, 45.405* (with a topic in physical geography), 45.411*, 45.413*, 45.414*, 45.417*, 45.418*;

3. Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, and 0.5 credit selected from: 45.211*, 45.220*, or 45.230*;

4. Geography 45.300* (or other approved field course) and 45.390*;

5. Geography 45.494 or 45.499 (with a topic in physical geography).

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

B.A. (Honours) in Geography with a Concentration in Resource and Environmental Assessment

The concentration in resource and environmental assessment provides an understanding of both the physical and human dimensions of resource issues and the environment. The concentration includes studies in related thematic areas of geography, as well as applied geography.

GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3b and 4.4c). At least 10.0 credits and not more than 12.0 credits must be in Geography and must include:

1. Either Geography 45.101; or 45.102* and 45.103*;

2. Geography 45.110* (which may be taken in second year);

3. Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, and either 45.220* or 45.230*;

4. 5.0 credits in resource and environmental assessment as follows:

(i) Geography 45.207*, 45.211*, 45.311*, 45.336*, 45.404* and 45.446* (or 448*)(with a placement in resource and environmental assessment);

(ii) 1.0 credit from: Geography 45.302*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315*, 45.318*, 45.319*, 45.326*, 45.329*, 45.330*;

(iii) 1.0 further credit at the 400-level selected from Geography 45.405* (with a topic in resource and environmental assessment), 45.411*, 45.414*, 45.418*, 45.430*, 45.440*, 45.445*, 45.447*.

5. Geography 45.300* (or other approved field course), and 45.390*;

6. Geography 45.494 or 45.499 (with a topic in resources and environmental assessment);

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

B.A. (Honours) in Geography with a Concentration in Globalization, Society and Environment

The concentration in globalization, society, and environment provides a geographical understanding of the growing interconnections between social and environmental concerns at the local and global scale. The concentration includes studies in related thematic areas in geography and includes practical questions of applied geography.

Requirements: GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3b and 4.4c). The equivalent of at least 10.0 credits and not more than 12.0 credits must be in Geography and must include:

1. Either Geography 45.101; or 45.102* and 45.103*.

2. Geography 45.110* (which may be taken in second year).

3. Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, 45.211*.

4. 5.0 credits in globalization, society and environment as follows:

(i) 1.0 credit from 45.220*, 45.230*, 45.255*;

(ii) 45.329*, 45.337*, 45.344*, 45.441*;

(iii) 0.5 credit from: 45.320*, 45.326*, 45.330*, 45.336*, 45.360*,

45.362*, 45.363*, 45.370*;

(iv) 1.0 credit from: 45.405* (with globalization topic) 45.423*, 45.427*,

45.430*, 45.431*, 45.440*, 45.460*;

(v) 0.5 credit from: 45.207*, 45.301*, 45.303*, 45.404*.

5. Geography 45.300* (or other approved field course) 45.390*.

6. Geography 45.494 or 45.499 (with a topic in globalization).

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended

B.A. Program

This program is offered for students who wish a liberal arts education with emphasis in geography. Guidance on patterns of courses for particular interests is available from the Department. GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this degree program are consistent with standards established by the Division of Arts and Social Sciences (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.2, 4.3a and 4.4a).

Students admitted to the B.A. program in Geography are required to complete the equivalent of at least 7.0 credits and not more than 8.0 credits in Geography, which must include:

1. 1.5 credits in Geography at the 100-level including:

(i) Geography 45.101 (recommended); or 45.102* and 45.103*; or a First-Year Seminar in Geography;

(ii) Geography 45.110* (may be taken in second year);

2. Geography 45.205* and 1.0 credit selected from Geography 45.211*, 45.220*, and 45.230*;

3. At least 4.0 additional Geography credits above the 100-level, of which at least 2.5 must be at the 300- or 400-level.

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

 

Themes in Undergraduate Courses in Geography

* denotes half-credit, usually given in one term

Joint Studies between Algonquin College (GIS Technologist Program) and Carleton University (B.A. in Geography)

General Information

This program of joint studies permits students to work concurrently towards an Algonquin College diploma and a Carleton University B.A. degree. Students in Algonquin College’s GIS Technologist program must apply both to Algonquin College and to Carleton University’s School of Continuing Education for registration as a Special student.

Admission Requirements

During their program of study at Algonquin College, students will take 5.0 Carleton credits as a Special student, including 2.5 credits in Geography which include:

Geography 45.101, 45.110* and 1.0 credit from 45.211*, 45.220* and 45.230*

After successful completion of the Algonquin College GIS Technologist Diploma candidates may apply for admission to a B.A. degree in Geography at Carleton University. To be admitted, candidates must:

1. graduate from Algonquin College with at least an Algonquin G.P.A. of 3.0 in the courses eligible for transfer to Carleton. Candidates should consult with the GIS Technologist adviser at Algonquin College or the B.A. program adviser at Carleton for a list of such courses.

2. have obtained an overall average in their Carleton courses to meet the requirements for continuation in the B.A.

Students admitted to Carleton may receive the following credits on the basis of study at Algonquin College:

Geography 45.205*, 45.206*, 45.207*, 45.302*, 45.305*, 45.306*

Social Science option 03.3xx*, 03.4xx*, 03.4xx*, 03.4xx*.

Graduation Requirements

In order to graduate, students must fulfill all University graduation requirements and all Faculty graduation requirements, in addition to all the Geography B.A. requirements.

Students who have completed the 5.0 Carleton credits as a Special student during concurrent studies and who transfer the 5.0 credits from Algonquin College identified above will be required to complete 5.0 further Carleton credits upon admission to the B.A. program. Of these 5.0 additional credits, 2.5 must be in Geography, with at least 1.0 credit at the 300- or 400-level.

B.A. (Honours) Program in Geographic Information Processing (GIP)

This limited-enrolment program is for students who wish to focus on the acquisition, management, analysis, and display of geographic information. Various applications in planning, environmental and resources management, hazard mapping, demographics, market analysis, and education will be explored. Practical experience will be gained in geographic information systems (GIS), digital cartography, remote sensing, and quantitative analysis.

Admission Requirements

The minimum admission requirement is the OSSD or equivalent with an average of 75 percent or better, including at least six OACs.

Applications for admission to second or subsequent years should be made to the Registrarial Services office and they will be assessed on merit and subject to available space. Application deadlines are June 1 for September admission and November 1 for January admission. Students from other institutions should consult the admissions section of this Calendar for deadlines and procedures.

Admissibility to the program is dependent upon:

1. satisfying all Faculty regulations pertaining to B.A. (Honours) programs

2. the simple average of the GPA achieved in the Geographic Information Processing core course(s) completed at the time of application and the GPA achieved on all completed Geography courses.

Admission will be determined according to descending order of simple average attained in (2) above, until the full complement of places available, on an annual basis, has been filled.

The graduation average in Geographic Information Processing shall be calculated over all successfully completed, graded courses used to meet the minimum requirements of the degree program and counting towards the degree.

At least 10.0 credits and not more than 12.0 must be in Geography, and must include:

1. 1.0 credit in Geography at the 100-level. The First-year Seminar in Geography, 01.109, is recommended;

2. 45.205*, 45.206*, 45.207*, 45.302*, 45.303*, 45.305*, 45.306*, 45.307*, 45.403*, 45.406*, 45.408*, 45.446* or 45.448* (with placement in a GIP-related setting);

3. Geography 45.300*;

4. 1.5 additional credits in Geography at the 200-level or higher;

5. Geography 45.494 or 45.499, with an emphasis on the nature and/or use of Geographic Information Processing.

Note: a course in English writing and language (for example English 18.105) is recommended.

B.Sc. Programs in Geography

B.Sc. (Honours) Program

The Bachelor of Science (Honours) is offered in two concentrations, Physical Geography and Geographic Information Processing. The program consists of 20.0 credits beyond the OSSD or Qualifying-University Year Science, selected in a pattern approved by the Supervisor of the B.Sc. Honours Studies in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, and consistent with the following requirements:

B.Sc. (Honours) Program Requirements

1. 8.0 credits in Geography selected from the list below, of which at least 2.0 credits must be at the 400-level.

(a) For the Honours Physical Geography concentration, these must include Geography 45.105, 45.212*, 45.311*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315* and 45.318*.

(b) For the Geographic Information Processing (GIP) concentration these must include 45.105, 45.205*, 45.206*, 45.207*, 45.302*, 45.303*, 45.305*, 45.306*, 45.307*, 45.403*, 45.406*, 45.408*.

In special cases students may take an appropriate graduate course in their fourth year, with permission of the Supervisor of Graduate Studies.

2. 45.496 Honours Project. For students in the GIP concentration, the project must have an emphasis on the nature and or use of geographic information processing.

3. (a) The remaining 11.0 credits for the Honours Physical Geography concentration must include:

(i) 1.0 approved credit in Biology, Chemistry or Physics.

(ii) 69.107* and a 0.5 credit in Mathematics and/or Computer Science.

(iii) 2.0 approved credits in Science, not in Geography, beyond the 100-level.

(iv) 2.0 approved credits in Science, Computer Science or Engineering.

(v) 0.5 credit in Natural Sciences 66.100*

(vi) 1.5 approved arts or social science credits, 1.0 of which must be an approved credit not in geography.

(vii) 3.0 free electives

(b) The remaining 11.0 credits for the Geographic Information Processing concentration must include:

(i) 1.0 approved credit in Biology, Chemistry or Physics.

(ii) 2.0 approved credits Computer Science.

(iii) 2.0 approved credits in Science, not in Geography, beyond the 100-level.

(iv) 1.0 approved credit in Science, Computer Science or Engineering.

(v) 0.5 credit in Natural Sciences 66.100*

(vi) 1.5 approved arts or social sciences credits, 1.0 of which must be an approved credit not in geography.

(vii) 3.0 free electives

Physical Geography and Geographic Information Processing Courses

45.105, 45.205*, 45.206*, 45.207*, 45.212*, 45.300*, 45.302*, 45.303*, 45.305*, 45.306*, 45.307*, 45.311*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315*, 45.318*, 45.319*, 45.400*, 45.403*, 45.404*, 45.405*, 45.406*, 45.408*, 45.411*, 45.413*, 45.414*, 45.417*, 45.418*, 45.446*, 45.448*

Note: The Concentration in Geographic Information Processing has a limited enrolment. Procedures for application to the concentration and criteria for entry into, continuation in, and graduation from the concentration are the same as those for the B.A. Program - see above.

Combined Honours B.Sc. in Biology and Physical Geography

Program advisers are Stewart Peck and Joyce Lundberg.

Students desiring a comprehensive basic education in both Biology and Physical Geography may apply to a Combined Honours B.Sc. program. Applicants must satisfy entry requirements of the Honours B.Sc. program.

Course requirements of the Combined Honours B.Sc. program are as follows:

1. Biology 61.103* and 61.104*, Geography 45.105, Mathematics 69.107* and 69.117* or 69.257*, Chemistry 65.100.

2. 0.5 credit in Natural Sciences 66.100*

3. 1.5 optional arts or social science credits. 1.0 credit in Geography, other than the Physical Geography courses on this page, is recommended.

4. 1.0 additional Science credit from the list on p. 107 (Physics 75.103* and 75.104*, or 75.107* and 75.108* is required unless OAC Physics is presented as an entrance credit).

5. 1.0 free option credit (unless Biology 61.102 is taken in lieu of the OAC in Biology. See Biology program for entry with and without OAC in Biology).

6. 10.0 credits in Biology (or Biochemistry) and Physical Geography (see preceding list of courses) beyond First-year level, including at least 0.5 credit involving a field course. Not more than 6.0 credits in this group should be taken in one department and not more than 6.0 may be at the 200-level.

7. 1.0 additional credit in Science or Computer Science above the 100-level, not in Biology or Geography and chosen in consultation with the students program adviser.

8. Biology 61.498 (requires 61.491* as a prerequisite, or may be taken concurrently), or Geography 45.496.

Combined Honours B.Sc. in Geology and Physical Geography

Program advisers are Fred Michel and Ken Torrance.

A grade of C+ or better in Geography 45.105/Geology 67.105† and overall Honours standing are required for admittance to the program. Program requirements are as follows:

1. Geography 45.105 or Geology 67.105†, Chemistry 65.100, Mathematics 69.107* and 69.117* and Physics 75.103* and 75.104*, or 75.107* and 75.108*;

2. 5.0 credits in Geology beyond First-year level, including Geology 67.223*, 67.225*, 67.228*, 67.285*††, 2.0 credits in Geology at the 300-level or above, and 1.0 credit in Geology at the 400-level.

3. 5.0 credits in Physical Geography beyond First-year level from list on this page, to include: Geography 45.212*, 1.5 credits in Physical Geography at the 200-level or above, Geography 45.302*, 45.312*, 45.315*, 45.318* and 1.0 credit in Physical Geography at the 400-level;

4. Geography 45.496 or Geology 67.498;

5. 1.0 credit in Mathematics beyond First-year level and/or Computer Science. (Mathematics 69.257* and Computer Science 95.104* are recommended.)

6. 0.5 credits in Natural Sciences 66.100* or an arts or social science elective

7. 1.5 credits in approved arts or social science electives †††;

8. 2.0 credits chosen from arts, social science, Science or Engineering.

† Students who have taken Geology 67.100 may substitute, with permission of the program advisers, Geology 67.100 for 67.105/45.105.

†† Geology 67.285*

††† A Human Geography course is recommended in the program.

Combined Honours in Geology and Geography: Concentration in Terrain Science

(Please see entry under Earth Sciences)

Minor in Geography

Students registered in degree programs other than Geography may complete a Minor in Geography. Application for admission to the Minor must be made to the Registrarial Services Office. Procedures to calculate the GPA in this Minor as well as GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this Minor are consistent with standards established by FASS for Type 1 program options (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.3b and 4.4c). For the designation "Minor in Geography" to be added to the student's transcript and diploma the requirements below must be met.

At least 4.0 credits in Geography (with a GPA of 4.0 or better) including:

1. Either Geography 45.101; or 45.102* and 45.103*;

2. Geography 45.205*; 45.110*; 45.220* or 45.230*;

3. 1.5 further credits in Geography, including at least 1.0 credit at the 300-level.

Minor in Geography: Physical Geography

Students registered in degree programs other than Geography may obtain a Minor in Geography: Physical Geography. Application for admission to the Minor must be made to the Registrarial Services Office. Procedures to calculate the GPA in this Minor as well as GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this Minor are consistent with standards established by FASS for Type 2 program options (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.3b and 4.4c). For the designation "Minor in Geography: Physical Geography" to be added to the student's transcript and diploma the requirements below must be met.

4.0 credits in Physical Geography (with a G.P.A. of 6.5 or better) including:

1. Geography 45.110*, 45.212*;

2. 3.0 credits selected from: Geography 45.302*, 45.311*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315*, 45.318*, 45.319*, 45.411*, 45.414*, 45.418*.

Minor in Geography: Resource and Environmental Assessment

Students registered in degree programs other than Geography may obtain a Minor in Geography: Resource and Environmental Assessment. Application for admission to the Minor must be made to the Registrarial Services office. Procedures to calculate the GPA in this Minor as well as GPA requirements for admission to, continuation in and graduation from this Minor are consistent with standards established by FASS for Type 2 program options (See Academic Regulations, Sections 4.3b and 4.4c). For the designation "Minor in Geography: Resource and Environmental Assessment" to be added to the student's transcript and diploma the requirements below must be met.

4.0 credits in Resource and Environmental Assessment (with a G.P.A. of 6.5 or better) including:

1. Geography 45.102*, 45.211*, 45.311*, 45.319*, 45.336*, 45.404*;

2. 1.0 credit selected from: Geography 45.302*, 45.312*, 45.313*, 45.315*, 45.318*; 45.326*, 45.329*, 45.330*, 45.411*, 45.414*, 45.418*, 45.430*, 45.440*, 45.445*, 45.447*.

Minor in Geographic Information Processing

Application for admission to this Minor must be made through the Registrarial Services office after having completed at least 1.0 credit from the Geographic Information Processing courses listed below with a GPA of 6.5 or better. The deadline for application is June 1 for September admission and November 1 for January admission. For the designation "Minor in Geographic Information Processing" to be added to the student's transcript and diploma the requirements below must be met.

4.0 credits in Geographic Information Processing (with a GPA of 6.5 or better) including:

1. 45.205* and 45.206* (students in Science may substitute Mathematics 69.257* for 45.206*);

2. Geography 45.207*, 45.305*;

3. 2.0 credits chosen from Geography 45.302*, 45.303*, 45.306*, 45.307*, 45.403*, 45.406* or 45.408*.

Note: Familiarity with computers is assumed but not required. Students with little computer experience may wish to take one of the following courses as part of their program of study: Business 42.142*, Computer Science 95.101* or 95.104*.

Graduate Programs

The Department of Geography and Environmental Studies offers graduate programs in human geography, physical geography and geotechnical science. For further details consult the Graduate Studies and Research Calendar.

Requirement for Breadth, for students in B.A. or B.A.(Honours) degrees

Courses

Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 2001-2002, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.

First-Year Seminar in Geography 01.109

Maps and Mapping

An examination of our spatial perspective of the world; the evolution of cartography and mapping. Field mapping techniques, data acquisition and map production principles; the interface with geographic information processing fields. Limited enrolment.

Prerequisite: Normally restricted to students entering the First year of a B.A. program.

Seminars three hours a week.

First-Year Seminar in Geography 01.110

It's Your Environment

The causes and consequences of environmental change; emphasis on the interactions of nature and human behaviour. Ways in which the environment can be protected and restored. Environmental issues that affect our own communities. Limited enrolment.

Prerequisite: Normally restricted to students entering the First year of a B.A. program.

Seminars three hours a week.

First-Year Seminar in Geography 01.111

Location is Everything

Where we live affects who we are; the role of geographic location and environment on human perception, behaviour, and well-being, viewed at scales ranging from local to global; methods of collecting and interpreting information about location. Limited enrolment.

Prerequisite: Normally restricted to students entering the First year of a B.A. program.

Seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.101

Geography and the Environment

Human activity and the physical environment and links between them. Social, economic, cultural, and political forces shaping human activity at scales ranging from local to global. Methods of collecting and interpreting geographic information.

Lectures two hours a week and workshops/discussions one hour a week.

Geography 45.102*

World Issues I: Environment, Resources and Society

Global and regional issues through study of: geographic and environmental traditions; world views; ecosystem structure and function; biodiversity; atmosphere, climate and greenhouse effect; population and demography; food and nutrition; water; soil; agriculture; renewable and non-renewable resources; waste; environmental degradation; sustainability; environmental management and development.

Lectures two hours a week, discussions one hour a week.

Geography 45.103*

World Issues II: Territory, Culture, and Political Space

Contemporary global and regional issues in which elements of political and cultural geography are central; reference to the local region, Canada, and topical overseas examples; focus on nation-state integration and fragmentation.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.105

Introduction to Geoscience

Earth's physical environment; processes operating within the Earth and at its surface: the hydrologic cycle, oceans, earth structure, tectonics, rocks, minerals, history of life on the earth, climatic change, soils, landforms and resources. (Also listed as Geology 67.105.)

Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.100, 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108*, and Geography 45.110*.

Lecture three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, and a field excursion.

Geography 45.110*

The Physical Environment

A survey of the form and processes operating in the Earth-atmosphere system. Earth structure and tectonics; weather, climate, and climate change; soils and landform development; the hydrologic cycle.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.105 (67.105), 45.210*, Geology 67.106* and 67.108*.

Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, and a field excursion.

Geography 45.205*

Geographic Research

Nature of primary and secondary sources of geographic data; research questions, processes and ethics; maps and mapping; quantitative and qualitative approaches such as surveys, interviews, participant observation, case studies; information summary and presentation in textual, statistical, graphic, and cartographic form.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.204.

Prerequisite: 1.0 credit in Geography at the 100-level and Second-year standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.206*

Geographic Statistics

Probability; sampling design; estimation; inferential statistics; spatial and temporal statistics.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.204, Mathematics 69.257*, 69.266*, Economics 43.220, Psychology 49.200, Political Science 47.270.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.205* or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.207*

An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Data in a spatial context; spatial data structures, georeferencing, data query; mapping; creating spatial databases; selected topics in GIS application to environmental, land-use planning and market analysis issues.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.204, or 45.206* (may be taken concurrently) or permission of the Department. Familiarity with personal computers is assumed.

Workshop three hours a week.

Geography 45.211*

Environmental Geography

Biophysical elements of the environment; human-environment interactions; natural hazards; human response to environmental change and variation; land-use planning and risk management.

Prerequisite: 1.0 credit in Geography at the 100-level, or Second-year standing.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.212*

Physical Environments of Canada

The physiography, climates, biogeography, soils, and landforms of Canada.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.110* or Geography 45.105/Geology 67.105.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.220*

Global Change: Economy, Culture, and Environment

Economic and cultural globalisation, global environmental change, and the linkages between them. Global-local interactions. Economic and environmental sustainability. Natural resources and industrial systems in the global economy. Culture, politics, and the global environment.

Prerequisite: 1.0 credit in Geography at the 100-level, or Second-year standing.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.230*

Culture, Society and Space

Ways in which individuals and societies create, modify, and interact with environments; social dimensions of landscapes; the culture and politics of space; geographies of identity.

Prerequisite: 1.0 credit in Geography at the 100-level (Geography 45.101 is recommended), or Second-year standing.

Lectures two hours a week, discussion one hour a week.

Geography 45.255*

Canada: Contemporary Geographic Issues

Analysis and interpretation of Canada, its regions and localities, using a range of geographical concepts; interactions among society, the economy and the environment, and related policy issues.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.305* (taken before 1998-99) and 45.355*.

Prerequisite: Second-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, discussion one hour a week.

Geography 45.300*

Honours Field Course and Tutorial

Geographical techniques of field observation, measurement, recording, and analysis involving work in groups, normally in the Ottawa region. Development of research, writing, and thinking
skills in a tutorial setting. A supplementary charge may apply.

Prerequisite: Third-year Honours standing in Geography, or permission of the Department.

A four-day field camp, tutorial one hour a week.

Geography 45.301*

Social Geography Methods

Methods of acquiring, analyzing and presenting primary information relating to contemporary issues in social geography; technical and ethical aspects of such topics as: mental mapping, sampling and questionnaire design, participant observation and interviewing, discourse analysis, and qualitative research methods.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.204 or 45.205* .

Lectures two hours a week, discussion group one hour a week.

Geography 45.302*

Air Photo Interpretation and Remote Sensing

Aerial photography and digital remote sensing; visual interpretation of surface landforms and materials; introduction to digital image processing and analysis.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.303*

Quantitative Geography

Multivariate quantitative methods, such as multiple correlation and regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance as applied to classification, regionalization, explanation and hypothesis testing in geographical research.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.204 or 45.206*, or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.305*

Geospatial Analysis

Acquisition, manipulation, and display of spatially referenced information using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial modeling, site selection, and routing analysis in raster and vector GIS.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.304.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.207*

Workshop three hours a week.

Geography 45.306*

Applications of Geographic Information Systems

Project design and customization, digital atlas compilation and geomatics education.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.304.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.305*

Workshop three hours a week.

Geography 45.307*

Cartographic Theory and Design

Principles of cartography, cartographic communication and map design; practical work designed to provide experience in solving problems of cartographic representation.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.324* and 45.325.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.204 or 45.205*, and Third-year standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and laboratory three and a half hours a week.

Geography 45.311*

Biophysical Resource Assessment

The acquisition and interpretation of biophysical information, with regard to defining limitations on the use of the environment; field and laboratory techniques with an emphasis on the biophysical resources of a local area. A supplementary charge may apply

Prerequisite: One of Geography 45.105/Geology 67.105, 45.210*, 45.211* or permission of the Department.

Lectures, laboratory and fieldwork five hours a week.

Geography 45.312*

Geomorphology

Geomorphological agents of landscape change at the Earth's surface, emphasizing the role of water, ice and wind in erosion and deposition; use of geomorphic indicators in studies of environmental change.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.105/Geology 67.105, or Geography 45.210* and Third-year standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week, one field excursion.

Geography 45.313*

Watershed Hydrology

Principles of hydrology at local and watershed scales, with an emphasis on: soil moisture regimes; field data collection and analysis of surface water or snow and ice conditions; hydrologic processes in cold environments; and regional runoff regimes in Canada. A supplementary charge may apply.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.210* or 45.211*.

Note: First-year mathematics and physics are recommended.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, two field excursions, including a two-day excursion. Students are responsible for long-distance transportation, food and lodging costs associated with the field excursions.

Geography 45.315*

Climate and Atmospheric Change

The global climate system, with emphasis on global change variability over the historical and modern periods; the changing composition of the atmosphere and its impact on climate; analysis and interpretation of climatic and atmospheric data; modelling of climate systems.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.206* or 45.204, and 45.210*; or permission of the Department.

Lecture two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.318*

Soil Properties

The physical and chemical properties of soils; soil-water relationships, weathering processes, soil mineralogy, cation exchange, soil pH. A plant-oriented perspective predominates.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.308.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.105, or 45.210*, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and laboratory five hours a week.

Geography 45.319*

Soils and Environment

The formation and development of soils, soil classification, soil fertility, soils and environmental concerns, land degradation.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.308.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.318* or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.320*

The Canadian City: Environment, Structure and Contemporary Problems

Internal structure of the Western city with specific application to Canadian cities; current urban problems with particular focus on inner city revitalization, peripheral expansion, metropolitan organization and transportation systems and their interaction with land use.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.220* or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.326*

Health, Environment, and Society

Factors influencing human health in an ecological framework involving population structure, habitat, and behaviour. Changes in the distribution of communicable and degenerative diseases are portrayed as being related to historical and contemporary development and globalisation processes. Sources, types and characteristics of geographically referenced health information.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.426*.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.329*

Sustainability and Environment in the South

A political ecology approach to the concept of sustainability in the South; case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America to analyze the relationship between people and the environment at scales ranging from the intra-household and local to the international.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing and Geography 45.220* or 45.230* or 45.231*; or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, discussion groups one hour a week.

Geography 45.330*

Environment and Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa

Historical analysis of contemporary problems faced by selected states in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on environmental sustainability in the context of political, social and economic change, at scales from the intra-household and local to national.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.335

The Development of Canada: The Historical Geographical Perspective

Canada from pre-history to the present; issues of culture and economy in a geographical context; methodology in historical geography.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.230* or History 24.233 or 24.234; or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.336*

Resource Analysis in Geography

Human dimensions of resource assessment, use and management; topics relating to resource allocation theory and methods, carrying capacity, environmental and social impact assessment, public participation and resources policies; emphasis on Canadian case studies.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.333* and 45.334*.

Prerequisite: At least Third-year standing in Geography or Environmental Studies or Environmental Science, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and laboratory three hours a week.

Geography 45.337*

Contemporary Geopolitics

Geographical understandings of power and conflict at the global scale; geographical discourses of peace and violence in the contemporary world system, critical perspectives on the world political map, geographical patterns of inequity and global order.

Prerequisites: Third-year standing

Lecture three hours a week.

Geography 45.344*

Economic Geography

Geography of production, marketing, and consumption. Locational decision making in the private and public sectors with particular reference to manufacturing and service industries.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.220* or permission of the Department

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.351*

Northern Lands

The physical characteristics, historical geography, economic resources, settlement patterns and problems and the future development of Arctic and Subarctic lands, focusing primarily on Canada.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.360*

The Soviet Union and Successor States: A Geographic Survey

A general review of the physical, social and economic geography of the Soviet Union and successor states, with detailed analyses of selected topics related to social and population conditions, resources development and environmental problems, including comparisons with North America.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing.

Offered in alternate years to Geography 45.361*.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.362*

Geography of Southern Africa

Broad geographical coverage of the subcontinent from Zambia southwards with particular reference to the environmental, historical, economic, cultural and political dimensions necessary to understand the contemporary context of and around South Africa.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.395* (if taken in 1990-1994).

Prerequisite: Third-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.363*

Geography of Europe

Systematic geographic survey of Europe with particular reference to historical, cultural, economic, political, resource, and environmental dimensions.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.370*

Population Geography

The distributional aspects of population attributes; areal patterns of population characteristics and their spatial variations associated with differences in the nature of places; migratory movements within the framework of spatial models of interactions between locations.

Prerequisite: Either Geography 45.220* or 45.230* or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.390*

Geographic Thought and Methodology

Debate about the nature of geography and what geographers do; frameworks for understanding the discipline; debates within physical, environmental, and human geography and the connections among them.

Prerequisite: Third-year Honours Geography standing.

Lectures two hours a week, discussion one hour a week.

Geography 45.395*

Selected World Regional Problems

Geographical analysis of topical problem areas in the world community.

Prerequisite: Third-year standing or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

• 400-level courses are normally restricted to students with Fourth-year Honours standing. However, a student with Third-year standing may take 400-level courses provided the student has the necessary prerequisites, a Geography GPA of 6.5 or better, and permission of the Department.

Geography 45.400*

Field Studies

Field observation and methodology in a selected region; individual or group basis.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Hours to be arranged.

Geography 45.403*

Remote Sensing of the Environment

Primary optical and radar remote sensing systems; advanced image enhancement, land cover classification and modelling; applications in resources, environment, and urban mapping.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.302* and Honours standing; or permission of the Department.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.404*

Environmental Impact Assessment

Principles, scope and purpose of environmental impact assessment, from conceptual and methodological points of view; range of environmental issues with an emphasis on primarily Canadian case studies.

Prerequisite: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography or Environmental Studies or Environmental Science, or permission of the Department.

Note: Geography 45.311* or 45.336* is recommended.

Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.405*

Directed Studies in Geography

Students pursue their interest in a selected theme in geography on a tutorial basis with a member of the Department.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.401* and 45.402*.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography and permission of the Department.

Geography 45.406*

Analytical and Computer Cartography

Theoretical and practical approaches to analytical and computer cartography, with an emphasis on digital mapping algorithms using microcomputers

Prerequisites: Geography 45.307* (or equivalent), and Fourth-year Honours standing; or permission of the Department. Basic mathematical skills (linear algebra, geometry, and trigonometry) and knowledge of data processing are assumed.

Lectures and laboratory three hours a week.

Geography 45.408*

Advanced Topics in Geographic Information Systems

Advanced methods and techniques in GIS applications including: positional and attribute error analysis, multiple criteria decision making, interpolation, elevation modelling and ortho-imaging, and spatial pattern measurement.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.305* and 45.306*and Honours standing in Geography.

Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.411*

Quaternary Geography

Changes in the physical environment of the earth during the last two million years; methods of studying recent earth history; the last ice age in Canada. (Also listed as Geology 67.415*.)

Prerequisites: Geography 45.315* or permission of the Department.

Note: Geography 45.312* and Geology 67.332* are recommended.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.413*

Water Resources Engineering

A quantitative analysis of natural water systems and the development of these systems as a resource. Components of the hydrologic cycle. Quantitative analysis of stream flow. Probability concepts in water resources. Reservoir design and operation. Availability of groundwater. Storm water management. (Also listed as Engineering 81.303*)

Prerequisites: Engineering 82.328* and 86.230*, or permission of the department.

Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

Geography 45.414*

Microclimatology

The formation of microclimates near the Earth's surface; energy and water flows; the interaction of atmospheric processes with the physical properties of surfaces.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.315* or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.417*

Geotechnical Mechanics

Soil composition and soil classification. Soil properties, compaction, seepage and permeability. Concepts of pore water pressure, capillary pressure and hydraulic head. Principle of effective stress, stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soils, consolidation, stress distribution with soils, and settlement. Laboratory testing. (Also listed as Engineering 82.328*, Geology 67.417*.)

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.424*.

Prerequisites: Geology 67.244* or equivalent and Third-year registration, or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

Geography 45.418*

Permafrost

Distribution, development, and degradation of permafrost in Canada; thermal and hydrologic regime of permafrost terrain; development of landforms in permafrost regions; geotechnical consideration in northern construction.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.318* or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week.

Geography 45.423*

Urban Revitalization

Recent revitalization of inner cities from an internationally comparative perspective; residential, commercial and institutional dimensions of revitalization, with particular reference to waterfronts and to heritage conservation issues.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.320* and Fourth-year Honours Geography standing, or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week; optional residential field week.

Geography 45.427*

Urban Development and Analysis

The relationship between changes in urban development and geographic theory, emphasizing contemporary critical perspectives on selected urban issues.

Prerequisite: Fourth-year Honours Geography standing or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.428*

Geographical Analysis of Health Information

Integration of theory and application through (1) extensive, quantitative methods of analysing geographical data on disease and (2) intensive, qualitative methods of producing primary information on health, space, and place.

Prerequisites: Geography 45.301* (or Sociology 53.203/Anthropology 54.203), 45.303*, and 45.326*, and Fourth-Year Honours standing in Geography or Environmental Studies, or permission of the Department.

Lecture two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geography 45.430*

Comparative Environmental Movements

The emergence of contemporary, locally-based, environmental movements in Canada, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Case studies to analyze local environmental action in relation to the broader political economy and long term sustainability of land use.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing and 45.329* or 45.330* or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.431*

Advanced Cultural Geography

Cross-cultural thematic examination of territorial organization, territoriality, mental maps, geographies of the mind, and landscape impact of authority and ideology. Regional emphasis on Canada.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.230* or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.433*

Urban Planning

A systematic approach to urban planning; urban sprawl; data collection; forecasting; standards; space requirements; land use; zoning; transportation; land development; site selection; land capability; layout; evaluation; housing; urban renewal and new towns. (Also listed as Engineering 82.433*.)

Prerequisite: Third-year registration, or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

Geography 45.434*

Transportation Engineering and Planning

Transportation and the socio-economic environment; modal and intermodal systems and components; vehicle motion; human factors, system and facility design; traffic flow; capacity analysis; planning methodology; environmental impacts; evaluation methods. (Also listed as Engineering 82.334*.)

Prerequisite: Third-year registration, or permission of the Department.

Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

Geography 45.435*

Historical Geography

The relation of geography and history, the use of field techniques, primary documents, model building and statistical methods in historical geography. Emphasis on Ontario and local studies. Also offered at the graduate level, with additional or different requirements, as Geography 45.545, for which additional credit is precluded.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.335 or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.440*

Environmental Geopolitics

Environment and conflict in geopolitical perspective, ecological change and security policies of the industrial world, the geography of environmental threats, the political consequences and world order implications of environmental degradation and environmental refugees.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing and two of Geography 45.211*, 45.220*, 45.337*, or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.441*

Geographies of Globalization

Theories of globalization in geographic perspective; local consequences of global processes, interconnections and patterns of social, economic, environmental, political and cultural change.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing, or permission of the Department.

Seminar three hours a week.

Geography 45.443*

Issues in Applied Economic Geography

Selected topics drawn from a variety of areas of concern, such as marketing, trade, investment, manufacturing, the high technology sector, and services.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.344* or permission of the Department.

Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.445*

Rural Land Use Analysis

Rural land use issues from physical and socio-economic perspectives, contemporary methods for rural land use evaluation; rural land use policies.

Prerequisite: Geography 45.336* and Fourth-year Honours standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.446*

Practicum in Geography I

Experience in an employment environment through field placement. Observation and involvement in issues and research methods used by professional geographers.

May be taken for credit in addition to Geography 45.448*.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography and permission of the Department.

Field placement one day a week.

Geography 45.447*

Canadian Agriculture

Trends in farm organization and production; issues arising from farming's relationships to the physical resource base, land market pressures, government policies and regulations, and agribusiness and marketing organizations.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.443* (if taken in 1994-95).

Prerequisites: Geography 45.255* or 45.336* and Fourth-year Honours standing, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.448*

Practicum in Geography II

Experience in an employment environment through field placement. Observation and involvement in issues and research methods used by professional geographers. May be taken for credit in addition to Geography 45.446*.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography and permission of the Department.

Field placement of one day a week.

Geography 45.460*

The Changing Geography of Post-Communist Societies

Geographical dimensions of political and economic transition in the post-communist societies of Eastern Europe and the former U.S.S.R. Topics may include environmental degradation, resource management, population, quality of life, industrial restructuring and regional development, urban and rural changes, energy, transportation, and foreign trade.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing, Geography 45.360* or 45.361*, or permission of the Department.

Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

Geography 45.494

Honours Research Workshop and Tutorial

Advanced training in research design, data collection and analysis, report writing and oral presentations in workshop and tutorial settings; undertaking of an individual research project and preparation of a major report on a selected topic normally on the National Capital Region.

Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.491* 45.492*, 45.498, and 45.499.

Prerequisite: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography.

Workshop/seminar/tutorial three hours per week.

Geography 45.496

Honours Research Project

Candidates for B.Sc. with Honours in Geography undertake a research project based on a laboratory or field problem. The project is supervised by a member of the department and a written report must be submitted. The candidate may be examined orally on the report.

Prerequisite: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography.

Hours to be arranged.

Geography 45.499

Honours Research Essay

A student in the Fourth year of B.A. (Honours) or Combined B.A. (Honours) in Geography may write an Honours essay or equivalent. The essay counts as the equivalent of 1.0 credit. Students work under an individual faculty adviser. The subject for research is decided upon in consultation with the supervisor.

Prerequisites: Fourth-year Honours standing in Geography, a Geography GPA of 8.0 or better, an approved research topic, and permission of the Honours supervisor.

Hours to be arranged with faculty adviser.

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2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar
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