2001-2002
Undergraduate Calendar Programs | 2001-2002
Undergraduate Calendar Programs |
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| 2001-2002 UNDERGRADUATE CALENDAR | ||
| Carleton University |
2240 Herzberg Building
Telephone: 520-3515
Fax: 520-2569
Academic Administration
Chair, R.C. Wyndham
Associate Chair (Graduate Studies), To be announced
Undergraduate Adviser, L. Fahrig
Teaching Staff
Professors Emeriti
H.F. Howden, B.A., M.S. (Maryland) Ph.D. (North Carolina) • V.N. Iyer, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Bombay) • H.H.J. Nesbitt, B.A. (Queen's), M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto) D.Sc. (Leiden, Carleton) F.L.A., F.R.E.S. F.Z.S. • H.G. Merriam, B.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Cornell)
Professors
Stewart Peck, B.S. (Kentucky), M.S. (Northwestern), Ph.D. (Harvard) • K.B. Storey, B.Sc. (Calgary), Ph.D. (British Columbia), F.R.S.C. • R.C. Wyndham, B.Sc. (McMaster), M.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Calgary)
Associate Professors
George R. Carmody, A.B., Ph.D. (Columbia) • Nathalie Chaly, B.Sc., M.Sc. (Carleton), Ph.D. (Laval) • J. Cheetham, B.Sc., Ph.D. (McMaster) • Lenore Fahrig, B.Sc. (Queen's), M.Sc. (Carleton), Ph.D. (Toronto) • Mark R.L. Forbes, B.Sc. (Acadia), M.Sc. (Western), Ph.D. (Toronto) • Iain B. Lambert, B.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (McMaster) • John Sinclair, B.Sc., Dip. Biophysics (Edinburgh), Ph.D. (East Anglia) • Myron L. Smith, B.Sc. (Alberta), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto) • John Vierula, B.Sc. (York), Ph.D. (Calgary)
Assistant Professors
N. Cappuccino, A.B. (Brown), Ph.D. (Cornell) • K.M. Gilmour, B.Sc. (McMaster), Ph.D. (Cambridge) • A. Simons, B.Sc. (Guelph), M.Sc. (McGill), Ph.D. (Dalhousie) • S. Regan, B.Sc. (New Brunswick) M.Sc., Ph.D. (Waterloo)
Instructors
Kringen Henein, B.A., B.Sc., Ph.D. (Carleton) • M. Runtz, B.Sc. (Carleton)
Distinguished Research Professor
Margaret E. McCully, M.S.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Harvard) F.R.S.C.
Honorary Research Professor
- M.J. Canny, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. (Cambridge)
Adjunct Research Professors
C. Boutin, Canadian Wildlife Service • S.P.J. Brooks, Health Canada • R.M. Fourney, Royal Canadian Mounted Police • K.E. Freemark, Canadian Wildlife Service • W.D. Gould, Natural Resources Canada • B.F. Johnson • B.L.A. Miki, Agriculture Canada • P. Mineau, Canadian Wildlife Service • V.L. Seligy, Health Canada • R. Walker, National Research Council • P. Weatherhead, University of Illinois
General Information
Students intending to major in Biology are strongly advised to acquire a good background in chemistry and physics as well as OAC mathematics or equivalent level.
Undergraduate Programs
The Department of Biology offers both Honours and Major programs leading to either a B.Sc. or a B.A. in Biology. Students enrolled in any of these programs must arrange their courses in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser, in one of the patterns outlined. None of the courses in the Department of Biology are available by means of Challenge for Credit.
Graduation Regulations
In order to graduate, B.Sc. students must fulfill all University regulations and all Faculty regulations. B.A. students must fulfill all University regulations and all Faculty regulations including those relating to First-Year Seminars and Breadth requirements. In addition, all departmental regulations and requirements as set out below must be fulfilled.
For Biology Honours students, the Honours GPA is calculated on the basis of all Biology courses taken by a student during his or her degree program and counted towards the degree. For students in Biology Combined Honours programs, their Honours GPA will be calculated on the basis of all required credits in the two Honours subjects as stated in the respective program requirements.
For Biology Major students, the Major GPA is calculated on the basis of all biology courses taken by the student during his or her degree program and counted towards the degree. For students in Biology Combined three year programs, their major GPA will be calculated on the basis of all credits counted towards the degree in the two Major subjects.
B.Sc. (Honours) Program
The Honours program in Biology is primarily intended for students planning a professional career in research, teaching or administration in biology, or in one of the fields of applied biology, such as the health sciences, agriculture or environmental science. An Honours degree is usually essential for admission to graduate studies. Students planning such a career are strongly advised to enter the Honours program as early as possible, certainly by the end of the Second year. Students must complete the program shown in the Chart and satisfy the general requirements for Honours stated on p.139 and take the following 20.0 credits in a pattern approved by the Undergraduate Adviser. (This allows specialization in such biological subdivisions as ecology, behaviour, cell and molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, plant or animal physiology, and systematics.)
1. 7.0 Biology credits to include Biology 61.103* and 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.260*, one of 61.325* or 61.335*, 61.491*, 61.498, and 1.5 credits advanced Biology options;
2. Chemistry 65.100; either Physics 75.103* and 75.104* or 75.107* and 75.108*; Mathematics 69.107* and either 69.117* or 69.257*, or equivalent;
3. 2.0 Science Continuation credits not in Biology;
4. 1.0 additional credit, chosen in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser related to the student's area of specialization;
5. 4.0 advanced Science credits, selected in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser or a faculty member working in the area of specialization chosen by the student;
6. 0.5 credits in Natural Sciences 66.100* or an arts or socia sciences elective;
7. 1.5 credits in approved arts or social sciences electives;
8. 1.0 free-option credit.
Fourth-year students are strongly urged to attend the departmental research seminars.
Areas of Specialization
Students should choose their advanced Science and Biology option credits at the 300-and 400-level so that they can develop an area of specialization according to their preferred area of biology. Possible areas of specialization include molecular and cellular biology, genetics, microbiology, plant and animal physiology, animal behaviour, ecology, and systematics. Note that 400-level courses can be taken by Biology Majors in their Third year of study, provided the appropriate prerequisites are met.
Courses should be chosen in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser or a faculty member working in an area close to the interest of the student. This consultation should preferably begin before entering the Third year, to ensure that courses that may be given only in alternate years are taken in the correct sequence. In any case, students must consult the Undergraduate Adviser before registering in the Fourth year.
Biology 61.361* is strongly recommended for students in ecology, animal behaviour and systematics.
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Computational Biology
The Department of Biology offers a program in Computational Biology that allows students to combine studies in Biology with studies in Computer Science. Students with these combined skills are in high demand in the fields of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Ecology and Biodiversity, where large databases are being compiled and used for human genome analysis, drug design, protein engineering, ecosystem management and conservation of biodiversity.
Requirements:
1. 4.5 credits in the Biology core: 61.103*, 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220* 61.260*, and 61.325* or 61.335*, and 61.491*;
2. 1.0 credit in Chemistry: 65.100:
3. 1.0 credit in Physics: 75.107* and 75.108*, or 75.103* and 75.104*;
4. 1.5 credits in Mathematics: 69.107*, 69.117* and 69.257*
5. 2.0 credits in Computer Science: 95.105*, 95.106*, 95.202* and an additional 0.5 credit in Computer Science at the 200-level or above.
6. 1.5 credits in Computational Science: 68.280*, 68.499.:
7. 6.0 credits of specialization in one of the following areas of Computational Biology:
i) Specialization in Molecular Bioinformatics: 65.223*, 65.224*, 61.314*, 63.310 , 63.402*, 63.406*, 61.416*, and 1.0 additional credit above the 200 level normally in Biology or Biochemistry, and an additional 1.0 credit in Computational Science;
ii) Specialization in Biodiversity: 61.361*, 61.362*, 61.364*, 61.413*,and 61.414* or 61.469*, 2.0 additional credit above the 200-level, normally in Biology, 0.5 credit in Computational Sciences and 1.0 credit free elective;
8. 2.0 credits in approved Arts and Social Science courses;
9. 0.5 credit free elective
Co-op Option (Honours) in Biology
General information on the Co-op program can be found in the Co-operative Education section.
Co-operative education formally integrates a student's academic experience with work experience in industry and/or government. Work opportunities, which are available on a competitive basis, are coordinated to complement the student's course work and interests. Practical work experience provides insights and opportunity for development, and helps prepare an individual for a career in Biology.
Operation of the Co-operative Option
The program is administered by the Co-operative Program Committee which is responsible for securing potential employers, arranging interviews, and managing the program. The details of the program are provided in the Biology Co-op Student Handbook.
Admission Requirements
Students in good standing in the Honours Biology program may apply for admission to the B.Sc. (Honours) Co-operative Option, on completion of the First, Second, or Third Year of the B.Sc. (Honours) Biology program. To be eligible for admission, a student must:
1. be registered as a full-time student in the Biology Honours program;
2. have a GPA of 8.0 or better in Biology and an overall GPA of 6.5 or better;
3. be eligible to work in Canada.
Meeting the above requirements will only establish eligibility to enter the program, enrollment in the Co-operative option is limited. Application forms for admission to the Co-operative option are available from the Co-op Office and should be submitted before november 1, March 1, July 1, for May, September, January work terms respectively.
The Work/Study Sequence
There are three four-month work terms. The timing of the employment terms is flexible. Examples include:
(a) summer employment terms following Years 2, 3, and 4;
(b) extended summer and fall employment term following year 3 and summer employment following either Year 2 or Year 4
If no suitable job placements an be made, the student will revert to the regular Honours program.
Continuance in the Option
During work terms, students must register in one of three work term courses: 61.299*, 61.399* or 61.499*; these courses will be graded Sat or Uns. To continue in the option, students must successfully complete their work terms, one of the requirements of which is to hand in a Work Term Report judged to be "Satisfactory". The report requirements and evaluation criteria are described in the Biology Co-op Student Handbook, which also lists all the circumstances in which students may be required to withdraw from the program. In addition, students must maintain the academic standards required for the co-operative education option.
Graduation Requirements
In addition to satisfying the requirements of the Co-operative option as described above, a student must have completed the 20.0 credits specified for the Biology Honours program and three work term courses.
Graduates successfully completing the above requirements will receive a Co-operative degree designation in addition to the Honours designation.
Honours in Biology and Biotechnology
See the program section.
Combined Honours in Biology and Physical Geography
Program advisers: S.B. Peck (Biology) and C. Burn (Geography).
Students desiring a comprehensive basic education in both biology and physical geography may apply for admission to a Combined Honours B.Sc. program. Applicants must satisfy entry requirements of the Honours B.Sc. program.
Course requirements of the Combined Honours B.Sc. program are 20.0 credits including:
1. Biology 61.103* and 61.104*; Geography 45.105; Mathematics 69.107* and either 69.117* or 69.257*; Chemistry 65.100;
2. 0.5 credit in Natural Sciences 66.100*
3. 1.5 optional arts or social science credits. 1.0 credit in Geography, other than the Physical Geography courses listed on p. 117, is recommended;
4. 1.0 additional Science credit from the list on p. 110 (either Physics 75.103* and 75.104*, or 75.107* and 75.108* is required unless OAC Physics is presented as an entrance credit);
5. 1.0 free-option credit;
6. 10.0 credits in Biology (or Biochemistry) and Physical Geography (see courses listed on p.117) beyond First-year level, including at least 0.5 credit involving a field course. Not more than 6.0 credits in this group should be taken in one department and not more than 6.0 may be at the 200-level;
7. 1.0 additional credit in Science or Computer Science above the 100-level, not in Biology or Geography and chosen in consultation with the student's program adviser;
8. Biology 61.498 or Geography 45.496.
Combined Honours in Biology and Geology
Program advisers: S.B. Peck (Biology) and R.T. Patterson (Earth Sciences).
Students desiring a comprehensive basic training in both biology and geology may apply for admission to a Combined Honours program, on completion of the First year of the Science program. Applicants must be of Honours standing and must have achieved grades of C+ or better in both Biology 61.103*, 61.104*, and Geology 67.100.
Course requirements of the Combined Honours program are listed below:
1. Biology 61.103*, 61.104*, Geology 67.108* and either 67.106* or 67.107*, Mathematics 69.107* and 69.117*. One of, Chemistry 65.100, either Physics 75.103* and 75.104* or 75.107* and 75.108*. (The omitted subject, i.e. chemistry or physics, must have been taken at the OAC level.)
2. 10.0 credits in Biology (or Biochemistry) and Geology beyond First-year level, including at least 0.5 credit field course. Not more than 6.0 credits in this group should be taken in one department and not more than 6.0 may be at the 200-level.
3. Biology 61.498 or Geology 67.498.
4. 0.5 credit in Statistics (Mathematics 69.257* is recommended) and 0.5 credit in Computer Science (Computer Science 95.104* is recommended).
5. 0.5 credits in Natural Sciences 66.100* or an arts or social sciences elective;
6. 1.0 Science elective credit;
7. 1.5 credits in approved arts or social sciences electives
8. A language requirement must be met during the Third year by obtaining a credit in, or demonstrating reading proficiency in one of French, German, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Greek, or any language acceptable to the program advisers and in which suitable arrangements can be made for the examination.
Combined Honours B.Sc. Biology and Physics
This program combines appropriate elements of the Honours Biology and Honours Applied Physics programs. Students in this program may apply to the Co-Operative Education Option, described below.
Entrance Criteria
Refer to the Faculty of Science regulations for entry into Honours programs (p.44). Students from Ontario high schools must have OAC Calculus plus two of Biology, Chemistry, or Physics. Although not a requirement, OAC Algebra and Geometry is recommended.
Entrance after First Year and continuation at the end of First Year in the program requires:
Honours standing and a grade of C+ or better in each of Physics 75.101« , 75.102« (or either 75.103« , 75.104« or 75.107« , 75.108« ) and in Biology 61.103« , 61.104« .
Fourth Year students are strongly encouraged to attend the Departmental research seminars.
Course Requirements:
- Year I
Physics 75.101« and 75.102« , or 75.103* and 75.104*, or 75.107* and 75.108*;
Biology 61.103« and 61.104« ;
Chemistry 65.100;
Mathematics 69.104« or 69.107*, and 69.114« or 69.117« ;
1.0 credit Arts or Social Science elective.
Year II
Physics 75.264« and 75.222« ;
Biology 61.220« , 61.214« and 61.201*;
Mathematics 69.257« and 69.105*;
Computer Science 95.105« or 95.107« ;
1.0 credit Arts or Social Science elective.
Year III
Physics 75.307« or 75.308*, 75.327*, 75.366« and 75.371« ;
Biology 61.321« , 61.314« and 61.335« ;
Mathematics 69.204« and 69.375« ;
Engineering 91.266« .
Year IV
Physics 75.449« ;
Engineering 97.315« ;
1.0 credits chosen from: Biology 61.416« , 61.419« , 61.422« , 61.431« , 61.432« or 61.436« ;
1.0 credits chosen from: Physics 75.382« , 75.407« or 75.408« , 75.423« , 75.458« , 75.477« , or Engineering 97.399« ;
Biology 61.491« and 61.498, or Physics 75.499 and 0.5 credit free elective;
0.5 credit free elective.
Bachelor of Science with Honours in Neuroscience
Program advisers: J. Cheetham (Biology) and J. Kelly (Psychology)
Students desiring a comprehensive basic education in the neurosciences may apply for admission to this Combined Honours B.Sc. program. Applicants must satisfy entry requirements of the Honours B.Sc. program.
Course requirements of the Combined Honours B.Sc. program are 20.0 credits, as follows:
First Year
Biology 61.103*, 61.104*;
Psychology 49.101* and 49.102*, or 49.100 as a Social Science elective;
Mathematics 69.107* and 69.117*;
Chemistry 65.100;
Physics, either 75.101* and 75.102*, or 75.107* and 75.108*.
Second Year
Psychology 49.200, 49.220* and 49.270*;
Biology 61.201* and 61.220*;
1.0 arts or social science credit other than Psychology;
Chemistry 65.223* and 65.224*.
Third Year
1.0 credit from Psychology Science Continuation courses;
One of Psychology 49.320 or 49.370 Honours Seminars;
Mathematics 69.257* and 69.259* (Psychology 49.300 may be substituted);
Biology 61.214* and 61.335*;
1.0 Biology or Biochemistry option.
Fourth Year
Psychology 49.497 or Biology 61.498 in neurophysiology, animal behaviour, neuropsychology or a related topic;
1.0 credit from Psychology Science Continuation courses;
Biology 61.436* or equivalent;
1.5 advanced credit in Biology or Biochemistry;
1.0 free-option credit.
Recommended Sequence of Courses for Students In Biology B.Sc. Honours and Major programs
First Year
Fall Term Winter Term Fall/Winter Term
Mathematics 69.107* Biology 61.104* Chemistry 65. 100
Biology 61.103* Mathematics 69.117* or Arts/Social Science Option
Physics 75.107* Mathematics 69.257*
Physics 75.108*
Second Year
Fall Term Winter Term Fall/Winter Term
Biology 61.202* Biology 61.201 Non-Biology Advanced Science Option
Biology 61.220* Biology61.214* Arts/Social Science Option
Biology 61.260* Biology Option*
Third Year
Fall Term Winter Term Fall/Winter Term
Biology 61.335* Biology 61.325* Non-Biology Advanced Science Option
/or Biology Option* / or Biology Option* Science Option
Biology Option* Biology Option* Free Option
B.Sc. (Major) Program
The Bachelor of Science program in Biology recognizes the strong dependence of most modern biology on the physical sciences and mathematics. It treats biology as a unified subject based on common principles and qualities expressed in diverse ways by different organisms. The Major program is not primarily regarded as professional preparation by itself, but its aim is to provide a strong base in concepts and basic facts which should be adaptable to changing demands and needs in modern society. Students enrolled for a Bachelor of Science degree with a Major in Biology must satisfy the general requirements for Science stated and take the following 15.0 credits in a pattern approved by the Undergraduate Adviser.
The recommended course pattern is shown in the Chart on p.139. It is important that students enrol in courses in the recommended sequence to ensure that subsequent prerequisites are met. The program can be summarized as follows:
1. 6.0 Biology credits to include Biology 61.103* and 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.260*, one of 61.325* or 61.335*, 2.0 credits advanced Biology options;
2. Chemistry 65.100; either Physics 75.103* and 75.104*, or Physics 75.107* and 75.108*; Mathematics 69.107* and either 69.117* or 69.257* or equivalent;
3. 2.0 Science Continuation credits not in Biology;
4. 1.0 additional Science credit;
5. 0.5 credits in Natural Sciences 66.100* or an arts or social sciences elective;
6. 1.5 credits in approved arts or social sciences electives
7. 1.0 free-option credit.
B.A. Programs in Biology
The Department of Biology also offers B.A.(Honours) and B.A. degrees in Biology alone or the B.A.(Honours)combined with other programs in the Faculties of Arts and Social Sciences and Public Affairs and Management. The B.A. in Biology places less emphasis on support from the physical sciences, but allows students to relate their knowledge of biology to other disciplines in the arts or social sciences in a three-year program. The B.A.(Honours) program allows the development of particular interests in depth and initiates the student into research in the field, laboratory or library. Generally, the Honours degree is a prerequisite for admission to graduate programs and is an advantage for those planning a professional career in teaching or administration in biology, including the health sciences, agriculture and environmental science.
The Combined B.A.(Honours) program allows the simultaneous specialization in Biology and one of the arts or social sciences. Because of the social and cultural impact of science and technology, interdisciplinary combinations such as Biology and Economics, Geography, History, Journalism, Law, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Religion or Sociology-Anthropology should better qualify one to grapple with demography, biogeography and the environment and legal implications of pollution and biomedical engineering, science policy, comparative psychology, social evolution, and the historical, philosophical and spiritual implications of current biological knowledge.
It is desirable to enter an Honours program as soon as possible, to ensure that the sequence of selected courses will conform to degree requirements. Students pursuing the programs must arrange their courses in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser of the department or departments according to one of the patterns outlined below.
In accordance with the regulations of the B.A. program , B.A. (Honours) Biology students must have a minimum of 8.0 Biology credits, and can offer a maximum of 12.0 Biology credits counting towards the 20.0 required credits for the B.A. (Honours) degree. B.A. Biology students must have a minimum of 6.0 Biology credits, and can offer a maximum of 8.0 Biology credits counting towards the 15.0 credits required for the B.A. degree.
B.A. (Honours) Biology
20.0 credits to include:
1. 8.0 Biology credits to include Biology 61.103*, 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.260*, one of 61.325* or 61.335*, 3.0 additional Biology credits (at least 1.0 credit at the 400 level);
2. Chemistry 65.100;
3. 2.0 additional Science credits not in Biology, including one at the 200-level or above;
4. 6.0 arts or social science credits including at least 2.0 at the 200-level or above;
5. 1.0 credit at the 300- or 400-level approved by the Undergraduate Adviser;
6. 1.0 additional credit;
7. An Honours project (Biology 61.497 or 61.498).
Combined B.A. (Honours) Biology
20.0 credits to include:
1. 6.0 Biology credits to include Biology 61.103*, 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.260*, 2.5 additional Biology credits (at least 1.0 credit at the 400-level);
2. Chemistry 65.100;
3. 2.0 additional Science credits not in Biology, including one at the 200-level or above;
4. At least 7.0 arts or social science credits to include at least 6.0 credits from another department as a requirement for the combined B.A. (Honours) program;
5. An Honours project (Biology 61.497 or 61.498, or equivalent from the student's other Honours department);
6. 3.0 additional credits.
B.A. Biology
15.0 credits to include:
1. 6.0 Biology credits: Biology 61.103*, 61.104*, 61.201*, 61.202*, 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.260*, 2.5 additional Biology credits;
2. Chemistry 65.100;
3. 1.0 additional Science credit not in Biology;
4. At least 4.0 arts and social science credits;
5. 3.0 additional credits, one of which must be at the 200-level or above.
Notes on Programs
1. Students who have completed a credit for either Biology 61.100, 61.101or 61.102, or the combination of 61.209* with 61.230*, will be able to use this credit to replace Biology 61.103* and 61.104*.
Students who have completed only Biology 61.230*, will be able to replace Biology 61.103*.
Students who have completed only Biology 61.209*, must take Biology 61.103* and 61.104* before taking advanced Biology courses with laboratories. Biology 61.209* will then be credited as a Biology elective.
Students who have completed Biology 61.102 and 61.209* (or 61.230*), will be able to replace Biology 61.103*, 61.104* with 61.209* (or 61.230*), plus an additional half credit Biology elective. Biology 61.102 will be credited as an `additional science' course.
Students who have completed Biology 61.102, 61.209* and 61.230*, will be able to replace Biology 61.103*, 64.104* with 61.209* and 61.230*. Biology 61.102 will be credited as an `additional science' course.
2. It is important to take Biology 61.220* in Second year; it is a critical prerequisite for other courses.
3. Students are strongly advised to register in Chemistry 65.100 in their First year, providing they have the OAC, or equivalent, in Chemistry. Students entering without the OAC Chemistry, or equivalent, should register in Chemistry 65.010 in their First year and Chemistry 65.100 no later than their Second year. This early registration in Chemistry is emphasized because Chemistry 65.100 is a prerequisite for Biology 61.220*.
4. Students who have taken Mathematics 69.106* may use it as a free option or a 100-level Science option.
5. It is recommended that students obtain advice from the Undergraduate Adviser on which Mathematics option (69.117* or 69.257*) is best suited to their future plans.
6. In choosing Science Continuation courses not in Biology, students may select from the Science Continuation courses. Suggested courses include Biochemistry 63.310, 63.305*, 63.401*, 63.402*, 63.404*, 63.406*, 63.407*; Chemistry 65.211*, 65.212*, 65.223*, 65.224*, 65.321*, 65.322*; Geology 67.231*, 67.236*; Mathematics 69.257*; Computer Science 95.107*, 95.108*; Geography 45.210; Psychology 49.220*, 49.270*. In addition, Mathematics 69.207*, 69.208*, Physics 75.291*, 75.292* are suggested for some students.
7. Biology Major and Honours students (except students in the B.A., B.A. (Honours) and Combined B.A. (Honours) programs) may use Technology, Society, Environment 59.300, 59.401* or 59.402* in fulfilling the degree requirements, but only as a free option.
If the department cannot find a supervisor for a student who has applied to register for Biology 61.498, then Biology 61.497 will be accepted as a replacement. Under such an exceptional circumstance the Department Chair will direct a student to replace Biology 61.498 with Biology 61.497.
Graduate Program
The Department of Biology offers programs of study and research leading to M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in molecular and cellular biology, microbiology, plant and animal physiology, ecology and systematics. Details will be found in the Graduate Studies and Research Calendar.
Category for Breadth Courses in this unit The temporal dimension of human societies, analyzing times before the present era or societies other than our own The artifacts of the imagination in literature and/or other forms, or that addresses the life of the imagination and culture The understanding of social, technological and/or natural processes and the ways in which that understanding is obtained in science and social science All courses in Biology Matters of human values, ethics and social responsibilities Requirement for Breadth, B.A. and B.A.(Honours) degrees
Courses
Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 2001-2002, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.
Notes: More detailed information regarding Biology courses taken in Second and later years, and topics for Honours research projects (61.498), may be obtained from Outlines of Advanced Biology and Biochemistry courses to be offered in the Fall/Winter Session 2000-2001and Suggested Topics for Biology 61.498 Research Projects 2000-2001. These information booklets may be obtained from the College of Natural Science Administrative Office. All students are strongly advised to consult these information booklets when planning their future course patterns.
Students should note that Biology 61.103* and 61.104* are intended primarily for students wishing to major in Biology or take a Science degree. Other students who wish to take Biology courses should consider Biology 61.192*, 61.193* and/or 61.216*.
Natural Sciences 66.100*
Seminar in Science
This cross-disciplinary course presents a survey of current issues in science. The course provides new science students with an orientation to the study of science at the university level. The course is structured around seminars, oral and written presentations.
Restricted to students in the first year of B.Sc. programs or BA Biology programs.
Lectures and tutorials three hours a week
Biology 61.103*
Introductory Biology I
A lecture and laboratory course focusing on the cell. The course emphasizes the organization of cells, cellular metabolism, classical and molecular genetics and the reproduction of cells and organisms.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.100, 61.102, or the combination of 61.209* and 61.230*.
Prerequisite: OAC Biology (or equivalent), or OAC Chemistry (or equivalent), or Chemistry 65.010.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory and/or tutorial three hours a week.
Biology 61.104*
Introductory Biology II
A lecture and laboratory course focusing on organisms and populations. The course emphasizes diversity of life forms, evolution and ecology.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.100, 61.102, or the combination of 61.209* and 61.230*.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.103* or equivalent.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory and/or tutorial three hours a week.
Biology 61.192*
Natural History
A course designed primarily for students in non-Biology programs to investigate the natural history of plants and animals, and the communities in which they occur. Particular attention is paid to the Ottawa region, but appropriate examples from other locales are also included. This course is acceptable only as a Free Elective in all Science programs and B.A. Biology programs.
Lectures three hours a week.
Biology 61.193*
The Natural History of Ontario
A study of Ontario's biodiversity. In addition to examining the makeup of the different communities of plants and animals found in Ontario, the course explores their adaptations to the forces that influence their distribution. This course is acceptable only as a Free Elective in all Science programs and B.A. Biology programs.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.192*.
Lectures three hours a week.
Biology 61.201*
Animals: Form and Function
An investigation of invertebrates and vertebrates to relate their structure, function, behaviour and interactions with plants.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.200.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.202*
Plants: Form and Function
An introduction to the structure and development of higher plants (at molecular, cellular and organism levels) discussed in relation to their function.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.200.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory and/or tutorial three hours a week.
Biology 61.214*
Introductory Genetics
A lecture and laboratory course on the mechanisms of inheritance and the nature of gene structure, composition and function. It introduces both classical Mendelian genetics and modern molecular genetics.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.215. Credit for Biology 61.216* will only be given if taken before Biology 61.214*.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory and/or tutorial three hours a week.
It is strongly recommended that this course be taken by Biology Majors in their Second year of study .
Biology 61.216*
Human Genetics and Evolution
Designed for students interested in learning about the genetic mechanisms involved in human development (embryogenesis, reproduction and aging), diseases, cancer, behaviour. environmental adaptation and evolution.
Not a Science continuation course. Available to students in a Biology or other Science program only as free elective, but credit will be given for Biology 61.216* only if taken before 61.214* or 61.215.
Prerequisite: A general biology course at the OAC level or equivalent.
Lectures three hours a week.
Biology 61.220*
Cell Physiology and Biochemistry
A lecture and laboratory course on cellular functions and their
inter-relationships. It introduces topics including thermodynamics, membrane structure and function, transport mechanisms, basic metabolic pathways, energy production and utilization, communications between cells. (Listed as Biochemistry 63.220* for students enrolled in the Biochemistry and Biochemistry/Biotechnology programs.)
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104*, Chemistry 65.100 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
It is strongly recommended that this course be taken by Biology Majors and Honours students in their Second year of study.
Biology 61.233*
Microbiology
The biology of the Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses and Protozoans, from the fundamentals of cell chemistry, molecular biology, structure and function, to their involvement in ecological and industrial processes and human disease.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.331*.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.103* or Chemistry 65.100 or Chemistry 65.111*.
Lectures three hours a week.
Biology 61.260*
Introduction to Ecology
How the physical and biotic environments affect the distribution, abundance and evolution of life, and the importance of ecological ideas in improving understanding of our impact on the environment. The laboratory includes field and computer exercises.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.360* and 61.261*.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104* or 61.100, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory and/or tutorial four hours a week.
Biology 61.299*
Co-operative Work Term Report
Practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option. To receive course credit students must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written reports describing the work term project will be required. Graded Sat or Uns.
Prerequisites: Registration in the Biology Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.
Biology 61.304*
Insect Diversity
An introductory field, laboratory, seminar and lecture course on sampling, identification, diversity and biology of insects. Designed for anyone who will use insects in any teaching, research or natural history capacity.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.461.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.201*.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.311*
Mycology
The morphology, evolution and biological importance of the fungi.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.103* and 61.104*.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.314*
Molecular Genetics
A lecture course dealing with modern advances in molecular genetics.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.215.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.214* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.
Biology 61.321*
Cell Biology
A lecture and laboratory course on the structure, composition, function and development of eukaryotic cells and their organelles.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.221*.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.214*, 61.220*, 61.314*, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.325*
Plant Biochemistry and Physiology
A lecture and laboratory course consisting of selected topics in metabolism and physiology of plants, including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and transport, intermediary and secondary metabolism, germination, growth and development.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.202* and either Biology 61.220* or Chemistry 65.220; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory fours hours a week.
Biology 61.333*
Experimental Microbiology
Intensive training in laboratory techniques in microbiology, using bacteria and other microorganisms to demonstrate processes of cell growth, metabolism, gene expression, rapid evolution, gene transfer, microbial community dynamics and interactions with other organisms.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.331*.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.220* and 61.233*, or permission of the Department.
Laboratory five hours a week.
Biology 61.335*
Animal Physiology
The properties of physiological systems and components of animals with emphasis on their physico-chemical bases.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.220* and 61.201*.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.351*
The Biophysics of Animal Movement
Topics include the properties of muscles, tendons, bones, joints and the co-ordinated use of these structures. Human locomotion and fitness, bird flight, especially the soaring of the vulture and the albatross, and animal migration are covered in detail.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.220* or Chemistry 65.211* and Physics 75.101* and 75.102* or 75.103* and 75.104* or 75.107* and 75.108* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, tutorial or seminar one hour a week.
Biology 61.361*
Ecosystem Ecology
A course utilizing the concepts presented in Biology 61.260* and selected ecological experiments to analyze ecosystem types and the major factors that characterize them.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.260*.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.362*
Conservation Biology
The science of biology as applied to the problem of maintaining species diversity. Topics include: history of conservation biology, valuation of species, indices of biodiversity, extinction, conservation genetics, conservation planning in parks and reserves, landscape ecology and case studies of conservation problems.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.260* or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week and laboratory/workshop three hours a week.
Biology 61.364*
Analysis of Ecological Relationships
Introduction to the analysis of ecological data. Students analyse real ecological data sets in weekly laboratory sessions. Methods introduced include simple linear, polynomial, and multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, nonparametric tests, tests of independence and logistic regression analysis.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.260* and Mathematics 69.257*. For students in the Environmental Engineering program, Engineering 81.202, 81.302*, and Mathematics 69.352*, which may be taken concurrently.
Lectures one and one-half hours and laboratory two and one-half hours a week.
Biology 61.365*
Field Course I
An intensive study of living organisms under natural conditions. Credit is based on two weeks of full-time field work with attendant assignments. A wide range of modules is available. Transportation and room and board costs are borne by the student. (Also listed as Psychology 49.323*, for animal behaviour modules only.)
Students make take both 61.365* and 61.366* for credit, but neither may be used to repeat a particular module.
Prerequisites: At least one course in Biology beyond the 100-level and written permission of the Department.
All day, approximately six days a week.
Biology 61.366*
Field Course II
An intensive study of living organisms under natural conditions. Credit is based on two weeks of full-time field work with attendant assignments. A wide range of modules is available. Transportation and room and board costs are borne by the student. Students may take both Biology 61.365* and 61.366* for credit, but neither can be used to repeat a particular module.
Prerequisites: At least one course in Biology beyond the 100-level and written permission of the Department.
All day, approximately six days a week.
Biology 61.381*
Plants and Herbivores
This course explores the chemical, physiological, ecological and evolutionary interactions that underlie the relationship between plants and their insect herbivores.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.201* and 61.202*.
Lectures/seminars three hours a week.
Biology 61.382*
Animal Behaviour
Advanced study of animal behaviour. Topics such as predator-prey interactions, mating behaviour, migration, mother-young interactions and social behaviour interpreted in an ecological context.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.481*.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.201*, and 61.260* (may be taken concurrently), or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.399*
Co-operative Work Term Report
Practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option. To receive course credit students must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written reports describing the work term project will be required. Graded Sat or Uns.
Prerequisites: Registration in the Biology Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.
Biology 61.408*
Plant Development
A lecture course dealing with recent advances in our understanding of plant development.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.410.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.202« or permission of the Department.
Lectures and seminars, three hours a week.
Biology 61.409*
Techniques for the Experimental Study of Plant Structure
A practical course in which students have the opportunity to learn and evaluate modern techniques used in the study of plant structure by optical microscopy.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.410.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.202* or permission of the Department.
Laboratory five hours a week.
Biology 61.412*
Molecular Ecology
The interface of molecular biology, ecology and population biology. Topics include experimental design and a survey and critique of molecular genetic methods to study ecology.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.214* and 61.260*; 61.314* or one of 61.361*, 61.362* (may also be taken concurrently); or permission of the Department.
Biology 61.413*
Population Genetics
Basic ideas of population structure, equilibrium, selection mutation, genetic drift.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.418.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.214* or permission of the Department. A course in statistics is highly recommended.
Lectures and seminars three hours a week.
Biology 61.414*
Evolutionary Genetics
A continuation of Biology 61.413* dealing with molecular evidence of evolution, speciation as well as the analysis of biometrical traits.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.418.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.413* or permission of the Department. A course in statistics is highly recommended.
Lectures and seminars three hours a week.
Biology 61.416*
Methods in Molecular Genetics
This course reviews the use of current techniques in molecular genetics and examine some innovative new approaches to problems in molecular and cellular biology and biochemistry.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.214* and 61.314* or 61.215 and 61.233*.
Lectures and seminars three hours a week.
Biology 61.419*
Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Genetics
This laboratory course is complementary to Biology 61.416*. It is designed to give the student some practical familiarity with methodology in molecular genetic techniques. The laboratory is suitable for students with a developing interest in problems of molecular and cellular biology and biochemistry.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.417.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.233* or 61.331* and 61.416* or equivalent and a course in Biochemistry or permission of the Department. Enrolment limited.
Lecture/laboratory six hours a week in two sessions.
Biology 61.422*
Mutagenesis and DNA Repair
A molecular study of mutagenesis and DNA repair. Topics will include DNA structure perturbations, spontaneous and induced mutagenesis, the genetics and biochemistry of DNA repair and recombination, and the role of mutagens in the development of genetic disease and cancer. (Also listed as Biochemistry 63.422*.)
Prerequisites: Biology 61.220* (or 63.310 taken concurrently) or 61.314*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week and workshop two hours a week.
Biology 61.424*
Plant Physiological Ecology
Physiological mechanisms for the acquisition of carbon, water and nutrients in plants adapted to a variety of environments. Particular emphasis on studying mechanisms for acclimation/adaptation to variation in environmental conditions.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.202*, Biology 61.325*, or permission of the Department.
Lectures and seminars three hours a week.
Biology 61.429*
Advanced Plant Physiology
An advanced course dealing with recent developments in selected topics of plant physiology.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.425 .
Prerequisites: Biology 61.325* and Chemistry 65.223*, 65.224* or permission of the Department.
Lectures/discussion three hours a week.
Biology 61.430*
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Studies of microbial ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics as they apply to microorganisms and microbial communities functioning in natural, agricultural and industrial environments.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.233* or 61.331* or Biochemistry 63.310; or permission of the Department.
Lectures and tutorial three hours a week.
Biology 61.431*
Current Topics in Biotechnology
Explorations of developing biotechnologies in areas such as microbial products, protein engineering, plant genetic engineering, environmental remediation, pharmaceuticals production and medical diagnostics and therapy.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.233* or 61.331* or Biochemistry 63.310 or permission of the Department.
Lectures and tutorials three hours a week.
Biology 61.432*
Immunology
The organization and function of the immune system. The anatomy of the immune system, and the molecular and genetic bases of the immune response. The laboratory deals with applications of animal cell culture in studies of immune cells and their products. (Also listed as Biochemistry 63.432*.)
Prerequisites: Biology 61.221* or 61.321*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.436*
Animal Physiology
A course dealing with recent advances made in particular areas of animal physiology.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.435.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.335*, Chemistry 65.223* and 65.224*, and Physics 75.107* and 75.108*, or 75.101* and 75.102*, or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, workshops or laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.440*
The Cell Cycle
A course on the molecular cell biology of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Topics will include regulation of cell proliferation and cell death, and the molecular basis for morphological remodelling during cell division and death. (Also listed as Biochemistry 63.440*.)
Prerequisites: Biology 61.321*, or both Biochemistry 63.220* and 63.310.
Biology 61.463*
Insect Evolution and Biology
Major questions on the origin, evolution and adaptation of structures and physiology of terrestrial arthropods, especially insects.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.460.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.304*, or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.464*
Landscape Ecology
In this course, students learn how landscape structure affects ecological processes, and the abundance and distribution of organisms. Applications in forestry, agriculture, and species conservation are discussed. Computer laboratory exercises assess influences of land-use decisions on landscape structure, and the resulting effects on ecological processes.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.260* or equivalent, Biology 61.361* or 61.362* or equivalent, and honours standing in Biology, Geography, or Environmental Sciences.
Lecture and/or computer laboratory three hours a week.
Biology 61.469*
Evolutionary Concepts
Evolution as related to gene pools, isolation, speciation, natural selection, competition, dominance, and distributional patterns; examples from North American biota are emphasized.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.260* or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.482*
Advanced Animal Behavior
Contemporary issues in behavioral ecology. Issues could include the relevance of behavioral ecology to conservation biology, to new insights into human social behavior, and will be selected through consultation between professor and students.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.382* or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory four hours a week.
Biology 61.490
Directed Special Studies and Seminar
Permission of the Department.
Biology 61.491*
Directed Special Studies
Independent or group study, open to Third and Fourth year students to explore a particular topic, in consultation with a Faculty supervisor. May include directed reading, written assignments, tutorials, laboratory or field work.
Prerequisite: Permission of the Department. Students normally may not offer more than a total of 1.0 credit of Directed Special Studies in their program.
Biology 61.497
Honours Essay and Research Proposal
An independent research study using library resources. The candidate prepares a critical review and research proposal of a topic approved in consultation with a Faculty advisor. Evaluation will be based on these written submissions and an oral defence.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.498.
Prerequisite: Fourth-year standing in an Honours Biology program and permission of the Department.
Biology 61.498
Honours Research Thesis
An independent research project undertaken in the field and/or the laboratory, under the direct supervision of a Faculty adviser. The candidate prepares a written thesis and is orally examined by a faculty committee after the thesis has been presented for examination.
Precludes additional credit for Biology 61.497.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.491* (may be taken concurrently), and permission of the Department. Open only to B.Sc. Honours students, and B.A. Biology Honours students (depending on their laboratory experience and with permission from the Chair of the Department, in their Fourth year.
Biology 61.499
Co-operative Work Term Report
Practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option To receive course credit students must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written reports describing the work term project will be required. Graded Sat or Uns.
Prererequisites: Registration in the Biology Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.
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