2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar
	2001-2002 UNDERGRADUATE CALENDAR: COURSES
	Carleton University

Earth Sciences Courses
Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 2001-2002, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.

Natural Sciences 66.100*
Seminar in Science
This cross-disciplinary course presents a survey of current issues in science. The course provides new science students with an orientation to the study of science at the university level. The course is structured around seminars, oral and written presentations.
Restricted to students in the first year of B.Sc. programs or BA Biology programs.
Lectures and tutorials three hours per week.

Geology 67.104*
The Evolving Earth
The 4.6 billion year history of geological processes, catastrophic events, climatic change, and history of life, as the foundation from which to interpret the evolution of Earth's environments.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.108*, 67.100 or 67.105, 60.201* and 60.200.
Prerequisite: For non-Science students.
Lectures three hours a week.

Geology 67.105
Introduction to Geoscience
Survey of processes operating within the Earth and at its surface:
the hydrological cycle, oceans, Earth structure, tectonics, rocks, minerals, history of life on the Earth, climatic change, soils, landforms and resources. (Also listed as Geography 45.105.)
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.100, 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108*.
Lecture three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, a field excursion.
Note: Students wishing to continue in a Geology program may, with permission of the Department of Earth Sciences, substitute Geology 67.105 for Geology 67.100.

Geology 67.106*
Exploring Planet Earth
Origin of the Earth and concepts of geological time. Exploration of processes that shape our planet and form its rocks and mineral deposits: magmatism, volcanism, metamorphism within the Earth's interior; weathering, erosion and sedimentation at the Earth's surface.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.100 and 67.105.
Prerequisites: OAC in Calculus and one of Physics, Biology or Chemistry; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, field excursions.

Geology 67.107*
The Dynamic Earth: Plate Tectonics
Dynamic processes that drive our planet and create the interior structure of the Earth; plate tectonics and processes at plate boundaries; earthquakes and seismic hazards; use of geophysics to explore the subsurface.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.100 and 67.105.
Prerequisites: OAC in Calculus and one of Physics, Biology or Chemistry; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, field excursion.

Geology 67.108*
Earth Systems through Time
Historical development of ideas concerning gradualism, catastrophism, and complex systems as guiding forces of local to global geological changes that define the past 4.6 billion years, the history of life, and the evolution of Earth's environments.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.100, 67.104* and 67.105.
Prerequisite: OAC in Calculus and one of Physics, Biology or Chemistry; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, field excursion.

Geology 67.201*
Co-operative Work Term Report 1
This course provides practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option. To receive course credit a student must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written and oral reports describing the work term project will be required.
Prerequisites: Registration in the Earth Sciences Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.

Geology 67.223*
Optical Mineralogy
Methods of optical mineralogy and optics of the rock forming minerals.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.222*.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108* or Geology 67.100 or 67.105 and Chemistry 65.100; or permission of the Department
Lectures two hours a week, tutorial one hour a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.225*
Introductory Geochemistry
An introduction to thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and solution chemistry as applied to geological systems. Distribution of the elements.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.221*.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108* or Geology 67.100 or 67.105 and Chemistry 65.100; or permission of the Department
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.228*
Petrology and Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks
The classification of igneous rocks. The chemical characteristics of the crust and mantle. The generation and physical properties of magmas, magma emplacement of volcanic and plutonic rocks. Phase equilibrium and isotope geochemistry.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.223* and 67.225*.
Lectures two hours a week, tutorial one hour a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.231*
Historical Geology and the Fossil Record
Evolution of the earth and its biosphere through geological time, the stratigraphic and fossil record in relationship to geological and paleontological processes, introduction to important fossil groups and their paleoenvironmental implications.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108* or Geology 67.100 or 67.105; or permission of the Department
Lectures three hours a week and laboratory three hours a week. May involve one or more field trips.

Geology 67.236*
Evolutionary Paleoecology
Principles of ecology and paleoecology applied to the stratigraphic succession of fossil communities. Current concepts of micro- and macro-evolution and extinction and the synthesis of key paleontological events through the Phanerozoic are emphasized.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.332* and 67.333*.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.231« or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.238*
Environmental and Resource Geology
Enhances appreciation of the resource basis of society and addresses issues related to the extraction and utilization of geological resources. Deals with the role of the Earth Sciences in the forecasting and mitigation of natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Available only as a free elective in the Geology programs.
Prerequisite: Any one of the 100-level courses in Geology or Interdisciplinary Science 60.201* or permission of the Department
Lectures three hours a week.

Geology 67.241*
Dinosaurs
A general introduction to dinosaurs, their place in evolution, their social behaviour, the Mesozoic landscape, extinction theories, and public perception of dinosaurs.
Accepted as a free elective only in all Science programs.
Lectures three hours a week.

Geology 67.242*
Climate Change: An Earth Sciences Perspective
An exploration of the often dramatic climate changes that have occurred through earth history from a geological perspective, emphasizing the history of earth climates, geological causes of climate change, and impact that rapid climate change has had on the biosphere.
Accepted as a free elective only in all Science programs.
Lectures three hours a week.

Geology 67.243*
Introduction to Oceanography
An environmental approach to understanding the oceans which cover over 70 percent of the Earth's surface; deals with origins, physical and organic components and processes, geological marine resources and marine pollution.
Accepted as a free elective only in all Science programs.
Lectures three hours per week.

Geology 67.244*
Engineering Geology
Overview of geological processes essential for understanding engineering problems. Topics include: geologic cycle; classification of rocks; stratigraphy; geological structures; physical and chemical weathering; erosion, transportation, and depositional environments; definition, classification and properties of soils; physical and geochemical aspects of groundwater; and geophysical techniques.
Precludes additional credit for any 100-level Geology courses.
Prerequisites: Registration in B.Eng; Chemistry 65.111*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks, a field excursion.

Geology 67.281*
Field Geology I
An introduction to the study of rocks from the Precambrian and Phanerozoic Eras. Geologic mapping techniques are emphasized. A mandatory two-week field camp before classes in the Fall with additional laboratories and field trips during the Fall term.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.285* as a Science credit for students in Geology program but may be taken as a Free Elective.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108*, Geology 67.100 or Geology 67.105 and completion of the First-year Science program; or permission of the Department.

Geology 67.282*
Field Geology II
An introduction to methods of field analysis and interpretation in deformed and metamorphosed terranes. The course includes a two-week field camp to be taken in early May.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.281* and permission of the Department.
Lectures one hour a week, laboratory three hours a week, two-week field camp in early May.

Geology 67.285*
Environmental Field Geology
The geology of the environment studied in the field. The course includes exercises on topics such as hydrogeology, limnology and Pleistocene Geology. A mandatory two-week field camp before classes begin in the Fall.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.281* as a Science credit for students in the Geology programs but may be taken as a Free Elective.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108*, Geology 67.100 or Geology 67.105 and completion of the First-year Science program; or permission of the Department.

Geology 67.301*
Co-operative Work Term Report 2
This course provides practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option. To receive course credit a student must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written and oral reports describing the work term project will be required.
Prerequisites: Registration in the Earth Sciences Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.

Geology 67.321*
Sedimentary Environments
Principles of sediment transport, and classification of sedimentary rocks and structures, as applied to interpretation of sedimentary facies within the context of sequence stratigraphy.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.281* or 67.285*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week and laboratories three hours a week. May involve one or more field trips.

Geology 67.323*
Petrology and Geochemistry of Metamorphic Rocks
The classification of metamorphic rocks. The origin of metamorphic rocks with emphasis on the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of these rocks and the processes involved in their evolution. Related phase equilibria and thermodynamics.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.223*.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, one day long field trip.

Geology 67.324*
Mineral Deposits
Metallic and non-metallic ore deposits, property valuation, mineral economics, exploration geochemistry, stable isotope and trace element geochemistry, partition coefficients.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.321* and 67.323*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week and laboratory three hours a week, one day long field trip.

Geology 67.325*
Physical Hydrogeology
An introduction to the principles governing the movement of groundwater through various geological materials. The exploration, development and use of groundwater as a resource by man, and groundwater-related geohazards are examined.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.424*.
Prerequisites: At least 1.0 credit from Geology 67.106*, 67.107*, 67.108* or Geology 67.100 or 67.105; or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

Geology 67.385*
Geodynamics
The structure, composition, and rheological properties of the Earth: lithosphere, mantle and core. Plate tectonics and its relation to geophysical fields, driving mechanisms, and processes at plate boundaries and in plate interiors.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.380 or 67.382*.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.228*; 67.281* or 67.285*; and 67.282*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.386*
Structural Geology
Structure and tectonic evolution of mountain belts; analysis of strain and fabrics in a variety of crustal settings. Applications to geological engineering and mineral and petroleum exploration.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.380 or 67.381*.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.385* or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

Geology 67.401*
Co-operative Work Term Report 3
This course provides practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative Option. To receive course credit a student must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written and oral reports describing the work term project will be required.
Prerequisites: Registration in the Earth Sciences Co-operative Option and permission of the Department.
Four-month work term.

Geology 67.403*
Directed Studies in Geology
One or more projects involving at least 15 days field and/or laboratory research, not related to thesis research. Assessment based on written reports and an oral presentation. Expenses for long-distance travel are borne by the student.
Prerequisites: Honours standing and permission of the Department.
Hours to be arranged.

Geology 67.415*
Quaternary Geography
Changes in the physical environment of the earth during the last 2 million years; methods of studying recent earth history; the last ice age in Canada. (Also listed as Geography 45.411*.)
Note: Geology 67.321* and Geography 45.312* are recommended.
Lectures three hours a week.

Geology 67.417*
Geotechnical Mechanics
Soil composition and soil classification. Soil properties, compaction, seepage and permeability. Concepts of pore water pressure, capillary pressure and hydraulic head. Principle of effective stress, stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soils, consolidation, stress distribution with soils, and settlement. Laboratory testing. (Also listed as Engineering 82.328*, Geography 45.417*.)
Precludes additional credit for Geography 45.424*.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.244* or equivalent and Third-year registration, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

Geology 67.422*
Metallic Mineral Deposits
Ore deposits studied from their relationships to the petrologic cycle. Ore genesis interpreted in light of field studies of local deposits, reflected light microscopy of ore suites, description of classic deposits, phase equilibria and isotopic evidence.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.323* and 67.324*.
Lectures, seminars and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.423*
Petroleum Geology
Principles and methods of petroleum exploration geology with emphasis on the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.231*, 67.321*, 67.386*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures, seminars and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.425*
Geochemistry of Waters
The principles and processes controlling the chemical quality of groundwater and the subsequent effects on water quality due to human activities. Isotope geochemistry of the hydrologic cycle and dissolved constituents in groundwater.
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.420*.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.325* and Chemistry 65.100, or permission of the Department.

Geology 67.431*
Microfossils
Oceanological and marine geological processes; micro-organisms of the oceans; microfossils: their evolution, biostratigraphic and paleoecologic significance and economic use; microfaunal correlation in petroleum geology. Laboratory: Examination and identification of microfossils.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.231* or permission of the Department.
Lectures and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.432*
Marine Geology
Development of ocean basins, physical and chemical oceanographic processes, paleoceanographic changes of watermass distribution and circulation patterns, interaction between atmosphere and ocean, marine sedimentation, offshore seismic stratigraphy, marine habitats, marine instrumentation.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.231*, 67.321*; 67.385*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures, seminars and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.435*
Carbonate Sedimentology
Aspects of modern depositional systems, dynamic facies models, sequence stratigraphy, mineralogy, and diagenesis of carbonate sediments. Practical part of the course will introduce various techniques in carbonate sedimentology (mapping, petrography, staining, cathodoluminescence, fluorescence, SEM).
Precludes additional credit for Geology 67.463*.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.321* or permission of the Department.
Lectures two hours a week and a three-hour laboratory.

Geology 67.442*
Advanced Structure
A study of the structural evolution of mountain belts, with emphasis on field methods.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.385* and 67.386*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures, seminars and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.451*
Igneous Petrology
Genesis of plutonic and volcanic rocks, their spatial and petrochemical relationships and crust-mantle differentiation; associated problems in phase equilibria and isotopic studies. One day-long field trip.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.323*.
Lectures and laboratories five hours a week.

Geology 67.452*
Metamorphic Petrology
Field relations of metamorphic rocks; graphical treatment and interpretation of mineral assemblages. Laboratory: Petrographic techniques, study of rock suites.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.323*.

Geology 67.464*
Precambrian Geology
Introduction to problems of the Precambrian, emphasizing both classical and current North American studies. Laboratory: research methods, field trips, petrologic studies of representative rock suites.
Prerequisite: Geology 67.323*.

Geology 67.477*
Engineering Seismology
Seismological topics with engineering applications. Characterization of seismicity and seismic sources (areas and faults). Seismic hazard analysis. Empirical and theoretical modeling of strong ground motion in time and frequency domains.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.385* and 67.386*; or permission of the department.
Lectures two hours a week.

Geology 67.481*
Physics of the Earth
The physical properties of the solid Earth. Gravitational, magnetic and palaeomagnetic fields; seismology and earthquake occurrence; heat flow and thermal history. Geodynamic processes.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.385* and 67.386*; or permission of the Department.

Geology 67.482*
Geochemistry and Isotope Geology
Chemical evolution of the Earth, meteorites, development of the continental crust, origin of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, radiometric dating, stable isotopes, origin of life.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.323* and 67.324*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures and seminars five hours a week.

Geology 67.483*
Applied Geochemistry
Chemical and physical factors responsible for the distribution and migration of the elements in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere; geochemistry applied to mineral exploration; methods of analysis. Laboratory: determination of trace amounts of the common metallic elements in soils and stream sediments; case histories, research problems, field trips.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.228*, 67.324*, Chemistry 65.100; or permission of the Department.

Geology 67.484*
Exploration Geophysics
An introduction to the fundamental theory and application of geophysics to economic and structural geology. Methods studied are electrical, gravitational, magnetic, radioactive and seismic. Case history studies integrate the application of the methods.
Prerequisites: Geology 67.385* and 67.386*, Physics 75.101* and 75.102*, or 75.107* and 75.108*; or permission of the Department.
Lectures and problems three hours a week.

Geology 67.485*
Data Integration and Analysis in the Geosciences
Integration and analysis of spatial data in a Geographical Information System environment. Topics include acquisition, representation, analysis, and modelling of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remotely-sensed data.
Prerequisites: Completion of the Second-Year Geology course requirements in Earth Sciences, or permission of the Department.
Lectures and laboratory five hours a week.

Geology 67.487*
Field Geology III
Two-week field camp designed to extend the student's geological knowledge by integrating advanced field, theory and experimental data. Assessment based on written reports, seminars, and oral examinations. Part of the cost is borne by the student.
Prerequisites: Completion of the Third-year Geology course requirements and permission of the Department.

Geology 67.498
Honours Thesis
Independent studies. Requires prior written approval of a topic from a supervisor and the course co-ordinator. Oral and written proposal, progress and defence reports are required.
Prerequisite: Completion of the Third-Year Geology course requirements.

Carleton University
2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar
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